Nested Complexity: A Conceptual Framework for Leveraging AI for Sustainable Organizations and Human Resource Development

Problem Organizations face increasing complexity in implementing artificial intelligence (AI) while maintaining a focus on human resource development. Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals struggle to balance technological advancement with human capital development amidst volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments. Solution We propose a “nested complexity” framework that conceptualizes AI implementation challenges as multi-layered complexities spanning technological, ethical, and regulatory dimensions, nested within broader environmental complexity. Through a narrative literature review and conceptual integration, we develop practical guidelines for assessing organizational readiness, developing learning strategies, and managing change during AI implementation. Stakeholders This framework provides HRD professionals with structured approaches for leading AI initiatives while prioritizing human development. It enables organizations to develop implementation strategies that balance technological advancement with human capabilities, offering practical tools for building organizational capacity that supports successful AI integration while maintaining focus on human capital development.