Phytochemical study and antibacterial activity of extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn (Sapotaceae) from Chad on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.

Bacterial infections are a public health problem worldwide and in Chad. Vitellaria paradoxa is a plant commonly used against infections in Chad. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Vitellaria paradoxa extracts on strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Aqueous and ethanolic extractions of the fruits and bark of the trunk of Vitellaria paradoxa were carried out at the Labo-ReDES of the FSSH according to standard methods of clinical pharmacology and microbiology. The yields of the plants ranged from (16-18%). The plant extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.25 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL The results of quantitative analysis showed that Vitellaria paradoxa fruits had a higher total polyphenol content (0.76 ± 0.002 mgAGE/g). Hydroethanolic extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa presented the higher values ​​than aqueous extracts. The different proanthocyanidol contents of the recipe ranged from 0.22% ± 0.001 to 0.37% ± 0.003 catechin equivalents per gram. These results demonstrate that this plant could be a potential source for developing new molecules to combat microbial infections. Keywords: phytochemical study, antibacterial activity, Vitellaria paradoxa, Chad.