Real-Time Environmental Monitoring and Control Using Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study in Agriculture

Due to its nature, real-time environmental monitoring and control is an indispensable part of modern agriculture. At its core, it is the ongoing collection, analysis, and application of ecological data to improve crop yields while conserving resources and minimizing expenditures. This article proposes that cyber-physical systems are an effective organization that provides a building structure where real-time monitoring and control can be provided across different processes within agriculture. Here, we report on a detailed case study of the application of CPS as discussed for environmental monitoring and control in agriculture. This paper reviews the dominant components of CPS sensors, actuators, and communication systems and data analytics. Together, these elements help us to gather real-time data on critical environmental variables like temperature, humidity, soil moisture and nutrient levels. The algorithm analyzes the data and provides farmers with insights. With the help of CPS, farmers can automate and remotely monitor essential processes like watering, fertilization, pest control, etc., increasing efficiency while decreasing labor costs. Another benefit of CPS is that it makes accurate decisions in a timely manner using real-time data, which can yield better crops and be more effective in resource utilization.