Optimized Circular Patch Antenna for Enhanced Gain and Efficiency in Ultra Wideband Applications

The paper presents the design and performance analysis of a circular patch antenna optimized for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications. The proposed antenna, constructed on a Rogers RT-duroid 5880 substrate, features a compact design with a radius of 10.586 mm and a substrate thickness of 3.2 mm. The reflection coefficient analysis shows excellent impedance matching across a wide frequency range, with significant dips below -20 dB, particularly around 18 GHz, indicating minimal reflection and high efficiency. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 8.8 to more than 50 GHz. The radiation pattern analysis reveals stable directional radiation with multiple lobes at higher frequencies, contributing to a peak gain of approximately 11.81 dBi at 50 GHz. Additionally, the total efficiency remains consistently above 0.78 across most of the operational bandwidth, with a slight dip at 30 GHz. This study underscores the antenna’s potential for UWB applications, providing a foundation for further optimizations to enhance its performance in specific high-frequency scenarios.