Formation of productivity elements of winter barley and corn for grain, depending on different doses of fertilizers applied

This article analyzes the results of studies to establish the dependence of winter barley and corn productivity on different doses of applied fertilizers. The experiments were conducted in the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria from 2019 to 2021. The soil of the experimental plots is represented by leached chernozem. The humus content (according to Tyurin) is within 3.5%, phosphorus – 8.7 mg/100 g, potassium – 11.1 mg/100 g (according to Chirikov). The soil pH is neutral – 6.7. The winter barley variety "Babylon" and the grain corn variety "Kavkaz 307 MV" were chosen as the objects of research. The experiments showed that in winter barley crops, in the variants with the application of fertilizers, the indicators of productivity elements were higher than in the control ones. An increase in the fertilizer doses (in the first year of the studies) from N40P40 to N145P160K155 resulted in an increase in the number of stems before harvesting from 3.48 million pcs/ha to 4.67 million pcs/ha. The number of grains and the weight of grain in one ear were significantly higher when fertilizers were applied. The results of the experiments on corn crops for grain also showed the dependence of the productivity elements and the structure of the crop on the amount of fertilizers applied. The increase in the weight of 1000 seeds, when using fertilizers, in the first year of the experiments was from 231 to 278.6 g (about 19%); in the second year – from 213 to 250.4 g (about 14%); in the third – from 224 to 269.7 (about 19%). The length of the cobs, on average over three years, increased with the application of fertilizers and reached 18.2 cm. Weather conditions also had a positive effect on the formation of productivity elements, which ultimately led to an increase in crop yields.