Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and temporal trend of leprosy indicators in Brazilian states, 2012-2022

The use of agglomerative hierarchical clustering, a novel application of a non-supervised algorithm in this context, highlighting the integration of multiple epidemiological and socioeconomic variables for a better understanding the dynamics of leprosy transmission in Brazil. Significant variations in the spatial distribution and temporal trends of leprosy were observed across Brazilian states. To improve leprosy surveillance and control in Brazil, targeted interventions are needed, particularly in high-endemicity regions with late diagnosis.