The Mediating Role of Innovation Orientation in the Impact of Digital Transformation on Logistics Capabilities of Enterprises

<b>Research Background and Purpose</b>: In an era of digital transformation, logistics companies must adapt to technological advancements to maintain competitiveness. This study examines the impact of digital transformation on logistics capabilities, with a specific focus on the mediating role of innovation orientation. While prior research has explored the direct effects of digital transformation, studies investigating the mechanisms behind this relationship remain limited. Addressing this gap, the study aims to provide empirical insights for academia and industry. <b>Design/Methodology/Approach:</b> The research employs a quantitative methodology based on Industry 4.0 principles. Data were collected from 401 participants using a judgmental sampling method from businesses affiliated with the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (Türkiye) transportation and logistics services committee. The analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro 4.3 (Model 4) with the bootstrap technique to examine mediation effects. <b>Findings:</b> The results indicate that digital transformation significantly enhances logistics capabilities. It positively influences sub-dimensions such as logistics service differentiation and logistics innovation. Moreover, innovation orientation partially mediates this relationship, suggesting that companies with a stronger innovation focus benefit more from digitalization. <b>Value Added and Limitations</b>: This study contributes to the literature by offering theoretical and methodological insights into the interplay between digital transformation, logistics capabilities, and innovation orientation. The findings provide practical recommendations for logistics companies in formulating digital transformation strategies. However, the study is limited to data from Istanbul Chamber of Commerce-affiliated businesses, which may affect generalizability. Future research could expand these findings by including a broader range of sectors and employing alternative research methodologies.