Study of the process of interaction of working organs of soil cultivation tools with soil

Mechanical tillage along with crop rotation system, fertilization, crop protection from weeds, pests and diseases is one of the most important links in any farming system. At all times, tillage has been and remains one of the most energy-intensive and expensive processes in agriculture. According to various estimates, today it accounts for an average of 40% of energy and 25% of labor costs of the total volume of field work. Modern requirements for tillage implements require their creation on the basis of technologies that provide for maximum adaptation to the technological process, taking into account specific soil and climatic conditions of work. The main goal is to ensure the necessary indicators of the quality of loosening, which, first of all, mean obtaining soil aggregates of a certain size and improving the technical and economic results of the work. Ensuring the receipt of the required size of aggregates at the design stage with a sufficient degree of probability is possible under the condition of the most fully developed mathematical model of the interaction of the working surface of the tool with the processed environment. This, first of all, presupposes the presence of mathematical models of the soil and the working element itself. The studies are based on the methods of physical and mathematical modeling, comparison. A plow tillage implement was used as an object of study. The results of calculating the parameters of the process of interaction of the working elements of tillage implements with the soil were processed using the STATISTICA-5.0 software package. As a result of the conducted study, the dependence of the movement of the ploughshare tip from the start of the movement to the moment of breaking off the soil prism on the characteristics of the cultivated soil and the parameters of the working body of the tillage tool was established.