Parenteral Nutrition and Anaphylaxis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a high-risk therapy for patients unable to meet their nutritional needs enterally, carrying risks of hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis. We present the case of a patient with advanced gastric cancer and a distal subocclusive process that could not tolerate enteral nutrition. PN was initiated, but within five minutes, he developed severe allergic symptoms, which resolved completely after the discontinuation of PN and treatment with antihistamines and steroids. Although hypersensitivity reactions to PN are rare, they can be severe and potentially fatal. Intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) and multivitamin solutions are common allergens. This case highlights the need for heightened vigilance during PN administration and the importance of identifying potential allergens. Careful monitoring and individualized care are essential for patients receiving PN. Diagnostic methods are needed to identify specific allergens, prevent future reactions, and improve patient safety.