Universal Comparison of Interfacial Solar-Assisted Evaporation Systems

Interfacial solar-assisted evaporation (ISAE) systems are among the promising technologies for the preparation of drinkable water because they utilize renewable energy (sunlight energy), which is abundant and available in most countries. To compare and select the best ISAE systems, uniform (universal) parameters must be used. Herein, two parameters, evaporation rate (without a theoretical limit) and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency (having a theoretical limit), were introduced for the universal comparison of ISAE systems.