Phytochemical screening, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties of Persicaria chinensis leaves

The main purpose of our experimental study was to identify the phytochemical components, in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-diabetic potentials of Persicaria chinensis leaves extracts. Initially, a variety of compounds were found in different P. chinensis leaves extracts, however, ethyl acetate extract substantiated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenol, flavonoids, carbohydrate, glycoside, and protein, as compared to hexane and methanolic extract. Similarly, among three extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract showed maximum content of tannins (31.27±0.68 mg GAE/g of extract), phenols (31.41±1.56 mg GAE/g of dry extract), and flavonoids (36.37±1.1 mg QE/g of dry extract). Further, the extracts were determined for their antibacterial properties against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial organisms using the agar well diffusion assay, which unfold ethyl acetate extract as comparatively better antibacterial agent with pronounced zone of inhibition. The antioxidant activity of extracts in vitro was assessed using standard protocols. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited a substantial dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH, NORSA, HRSA, ABTS and HPRSA with their IC50 values of 26.88±0.04, 106.42±0.56, 137.04±0.33, 117.86±0.49, and 17.04±0.49 µg/mL, respectively. The extracts antidiabetic properties were evaluated using the in vitro suppression of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Ethyl acetate extract demonstrated a promising dose dependent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with their IC50 values of 4.05±0.30 and 6.81±1.11 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, ethyl acetate extract of P. chinensis leaves suggested to be a potential bioactive agent with remarkable ethnopharmacological significance based on our present findings.