A Meta-Analysis of Parent Education Programs to Improve Parenting Efficacy

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the overall effect size and related variables that influenced the effect size by meta-analyzing intervention studies on parenting efficacy conducted in the last decade. Method: Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 59 experimental-control group design studies and analyzed 63 effect sizes for 2043 parents. Results: The overall effect size of the parenting efficacy promotion program was 1.196, which is a very large effect size. There was no difference in effect size by parent-related and child-related variables, but interventions using Zoom had the highest effect size and interventions that focused on parent empowerment and interventions that lasted 7 to 12 weeks had the highest effect size. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we discussed the effectiveness for a parenting efficacy promotion program consisting of a face-to-face program and appropriate duration to strengthen parents' overall capabilities.