Identidades partidarias negativas como vínculos políticos en América Latina

Objective/Context: In a context of increasing weakening of party affiliation in Latin America, this article explores negative partisanship as a form of political attachment. Unlike previous studies that focus on positive partisan identities, this study examines the ideological orientations of individuals who express animosity toward political parties and lack partisan sympathies. Methodology: Using nationally representative surveys and original measures of negative partisanship, we develop logistic models to identify the factors associated with these identities and their potential for electoral mobilization. Specifically, we analyze and compare five Latin American countries: Mexico, Honduras, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina. Conclusions: We find that in Brazil, Argentina, and Honduras, negative partisan identities are linked to ideological preferences, preceding the rise of new radical political forces. In contrast, in Mexico and Chile, these identities are more heterogeneous, which limits their ability to drive new political formations. In this sense, the interplay between negative partisanship and ideological self-placement is key to understanding their electoral potential. Originality: Through an original measurement of negative partisanship in five Latin American countries, this article offers an initial theoretical framework for understanding how these identities can function as political resources for the emergence of new political forces.