Multifunctional PLGA nanocomposites to improve beta cell replacement therapy in Type 1 diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly growing global health problem, with its prevalence having risen sharply in recent years. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment options are limited, with most of them significantly compromising the quality of life of these patients. This study presents the development and characterization of a multifunctional hybrid nanoformulation (mHNFs) designed to enhance the efficacy of beta cell replacement therapy in T1D. By encapsulating rapamycin and two types of magnetic nanoparticles (MnO and Fe₃O₄) within PLGA, we aimed to address critical challenges in islet transplantation, including hypoxia and immunosuppression. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated dual imaging capabilities as MRI contrast agents, sustained drug release, and <i>in situ</i> oxygen generation, crucial for mitigating islet hypoxia and loss of function. <i>In vitro</i> studies confirmed the cytocompatibility of the system and its efficient internalization by rin-m cells. Additionally, O₂ generation studies proved that mHNFs significantly reduced hypoxia levels. These results highlight the potential of these nanocarriers to improve the safety and efficacy of T1D islet transplantation treatments through a multifunctional approach.