THE UTILIZATION OF IMPROVISED FUMING DEVICE IN DEVELOPING OF LATENT FINGERPRINT

Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an improvised fuming device as a cost-efficient alternative for developing latent fingerprints. Specifically, it evaluates its practical application, identifies the challenges encountered by the Philippine National Police Forensic Group (PNPFG), and offers recommendations to improve the efficiency of latent fingerprint development using this alternative tool. Theoretical Framework: Grounded on a practical forensic science framework, the study highlights the significance of accessibility and adaptability in crime scene investigations, particularly under resource constraints. The development of latent fingerprints plays a crucial role in criminal identification, but traditional fuming devices are often costly and electricity-dependent. In contrast, the improvised device offers a low-cost, portable, and electricity-free solution. Method: A case study approach was employed involving ten (10) experienced fingerprint examiners from the PNPFG – Fingerprint Identification Division. Each participant, aged 25–30 with at least three years of forensic experience, independently performed latent fingerprint development using the cyanoacrylate method and the improvised fuming device from June 1, 2023, to the present. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke’s method. Results and Discussion: Findings reveal that the improvised device effectively develops latent prints on small to medium-sized objects, such as glass shards, knives, pens, and identification cards. The examiners reported that, although preparation takes longer due to manual heating, the results closely resemble those achieved with the standard fuming box. Key challenges include selecting appropriate evidence sizes and determining the optimal amount of cyanoacrylate. However, no safety issues were encountered when appropriate PPE and procedures were followed. The ideal exposure time was identified as 20–30 minutes, with heat levels from boiling water significantly influencing fume intensity. Implications: The study concludes that the improvised fuming device is a viable, cost-effective, and practical tool for crime scene application, particularly in remote or resource-limited settings. Its successful implementation can aid in strengthening forensic capabilities of the PNP, making fingerprint development more accessible and timely. Standardizing training and ensuring the availability of various fuming box sizes are recommended to optimize its use in real-world forensic scenarios. Originality/Value: This study is the first to comprehensively document and evaluate the use of a locally assembled, improvised cyanoacrylate fuming device in a real-world forensic setting within the Philippines. It offers valuable insights for law enforcement agencies facing budgetary limitations and provides a replicable model that promotes innovation, sustainability, and adaptability in forensic practice.