Energy efficiency of housing stock for the development of technological solutions for major repairs

This paper aims to study the energy efficiency of apartment buildings of Soviet typical construction as well as to develop a list of characteristics for improving the methods for typification of technological solutions for planning programs for energy-efficient major repairs of the housing stock. Existing methods for classifying the housing stock in the formation of standard packages of technological solutions for increasing energy efficiency during capital repairs were analyzed. A limited set of volumetric planning and design characteristics used for clustering was revealed, which leads to significant averaging within the resulting classes of objects. A study was conducted on the actual energy consumption of 183 apartment buildings of a typical series. The data for this study was obtained from heat energy metering logs. Energy efficiency classes have been defined for each of the objects. The analysis has demonstrated that there is no evident correlation between the energy efficiency class and the series (type) of the apartment building. Consequently, the development of technological solutions should be based on an extended list of actual energy efficiency characteristics, such as energy consumption, thermal conductivity of the enclosing structures, and air permeability, supplemented by qualitative data (including application records or resident survey results). It was found that the energy efficiency class of houses varies depending on the change in the average annual ambient air temperature. This indicates the need to take into account weather conditions during the period of the survey of the energy efficiency of buildings. A list of characteristics of the energy efficiency of buildings for the selection of technological solutions and implementation in energy-efficient major repair programs was developed.