Thermal and flow characteristics of tetra-hybrid nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking inclined cylinder: Influence of heat absorption and quadratic radiation

This study investigates the stagnation point flow of tetra-hybrid nanofluids along an inclined stretching or shrinking cylinder, including quadratic radiation effects with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), heat absorption, mixed convection, velocity slip, and convective thermal conditions. The study elucidates the synergistic impacts of tetra-nanofluids, radiation, and surface inclination, potentially improving the design of advanced cooling systems and thermal management across many industrial applications. After applying the proper transformations to the governing equations of the flow and heat transfer processes, the MATLAB software bvp4c is used to solve the resultant ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Results are shown via graphs and tables for the situations of stretching and shrinking concerning significant regulating factors. The inclination parameter decreases the velocity profile of tetra-hybrid nanofluid while stretching or shrinking, but the temperature profile increases. The velocity profile of the tetra-hybrid nanofluid increases with the curvature parameter in stretching and decreases in shrinking, but the temperature profile rises in both cases. The velocity profile of the tetra-hybrid nanofluid decreases with nanoparticle volume fractions for stretching and rises for shrinking, whereas the temperature profile increases in both scenarios. The temperature profile of the tetra-hybrid nanofluid rises with heat absorption, thermal radiation, temperature ratio, and mixed convection parameters when it stretches and shrinks. Inclined and mixed convection characteristics minimize skin friction in stretching and shrinking. For nanoparticle volume fraction, curvature, magnetic, and mass suction properties, stretching lowers skin friction while shrinking increases it. Both stretching and shrinking scenarios for the mixed convection parameter affect the Nusselt number. As nanofluids, hybrids, ternary hybrids, tetra-hybrids, radiation, heat absorption, temperature ratio, mass suction, and Biot number factors stretch and shrink, their Nusselt numbers go up by large amounts. Nanofluid outperforms hybrid, ternary, and tetra-hybrid nanofluids in stretching and shrinking heat transfer. Draw streamline plots for mass suction and velocity slip parameter stretching and shrinkage to study flow dynamics.