Improved Camshift algorithm based on ECA-ResNet model for laser spot tracking in UOWC systems

This Letter proposes an improved Camshift algorithm based on the efficient channel attention (ECA)-ResNet model for laser spot tracking in underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Cam-ECANet algorithm can maintain the center location error (CLE) within 12 pixels and support a real-time tracking speed of 50 mm/s. In disturbed underwater environments, it achieves 58.5% and 61.6% BER reduction compared to Cam-ResNet and Cam-Kalm algorithms, effectively ensuring the reliability of the wireless laser communication and tracking system.