New forms of employment in the digitalization era: platform employment and self-employment

The modern labour market is undergoing significant transformations under the influence of information and communication technologies (ICT) and digital platforms. One of the key trends in recent years has been the rapid expansion of platform employment, driven by the adoption of digital solutions for job searching, task execution, and workflow organization. This shift is accompanied by a rising demand for digital competencies, including big data analysis, artificial intelligence (AI) applications, and automated workforce management systems. Consequently, the requirements for employees' professional skills are evolving: adaptability to digital environments, proficiency in ICT tools for career development, and the ability to work in flexible formats have become critically important. The objective of this article is to identify key trends in the development of platform employment and digital competencies among workers within the broader context of the digital transformation of the economy. The study draws on both Russian and international data, analyzes major challenges related to legal regulation, social security, and cybersecurity, and proposes strategic measures for adapting labour policies and educational frameworks to the evolving realities of the digital economy.