Does the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math> boson have a lighter cousin?

In the quenched electroweak theory on the lattice I construct a set of physical states which overlap the physical photon and <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>Z</a:mi></a:math> boson states. This is done by employing eigenstates of the covariant lattice Laplacian, in addition to the Higgs and lattice link variables, to construct gauge invariant vector boson creation operators. Diagonalizing the transfer matrix in the subspace of Hilbert space spanned by this set yields a massless photon and massive <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mi>Z</c:mi></c:math> particle, as expected. But in the numerical data there is evidence for more vector bosons in the spectrum, albeit with considerable uncertainty in their masses, with the lowest finite mass particle in the range of 3–4 GeV.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-04-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.073005
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Does the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math> boson have a lighter cousin?

Jeff Greensite
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
article

Does the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math> boson have a lighter cousin?

Jeff Greensite
article en

Abstract

In the quenched electroweak theory on the lattice I construct a set of physical states which overlap the physical photon and <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>Z</a:mi></a:math> boson states. This is done by employing eigenstates of the covariant lattice Laplacian, in addition to the Higgs and lattice link variables, to construct gauge invariant vector boson creation operators. Diagonalizing the transfer matrix in the subspace of Hilbert space spanned by this set yields a massless photon and massive <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mi>Z</c:mi></c:math> particle, as expected. But in the numerical data there is evidence for more vector bosons in the spectrum, albeit with considerable uncertainty in their masses, with the lowest finite mass particle in the range of 3–4 GeV.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 111(7)
San Francisco State University (US)
U.S. Department of Energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 96%
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Does the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math> boson have a lighter cousin? — Jeff Greensite · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS