Navigating the future of academic library services: barriers to adopting 4IR technologies in academic libraries in Zambia

To establish the challenges academic libraries, face in adopting the Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies in library services in Lusaka Province of Zambia. The methodology adopted was a descriptive survey design. The study population consisted of librarians from all academic libraries in both public and private universities in Lusaka Province. The study employed a stratified random sampling and single random sampling technique, whilst data was collected using a standard questionnaire with closed-ended questions and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study revealed that 37 respondents (34.9%), indicated a lack of funding. 22 (20.8%) cited insufficient training for staff, while 6 (5.7%) mentioned resistance to change among staff. 15 (14.2%) reported inadequate technical infrastructure, and 10 (9.4%) noted a limited understanding of technologies. 4 (3.8%) expressed fear of losing their jobs as new technology emerged, and 12 (11.3%) indicated a lack of ICT skillsets necessary to utilise Library 4.0 technologies. Altogether, these challenges indicated that successful integration required comprehensive support in financial, technical, and human resources to equip libraries for the digital shift. The study highlighted that the successful integration of emerging technologies in libraries, such as Library 4.0 tools, requires addressing several critical challenges, including financial constraints, insufficient staff training, inadequate technical infrastructure, and resistance to change. A lack of ICT skills, limited understanding of technologies, and fears of job insecurity further hinder adoption.