Modern features of air temperature in the Caspian region of Azerbaijan

The study examines the modern features of the air temperature distribution in the Caspian region of Azerbaijan using initial data from 27 hydrometeorological stations of the National Hydrometeorological Service of Azerbaijan located in the Caspian region over the period from 1961 to 2023. The statistical significance of the time series was estimated, and mathematical averages as well as the features of their distribution were determined. It is shown that 90 % of the warmest years in the series occurred after 2005, while the coldest years were recorded before 1993, which is a clear evidence of dramatic warming in the region. In 1991–2023, the average annual air temperature in the region increased by 0.9 °C (the highest increase was observed in August ‒ by 1.5 °C). Climate changes in the Caspian region are exacerbating processes of desertification, salinization, and erosion. It is recommended to consider these findings when solving construction and energy production problems and elaborating policy on mitigation strategies.