Comparing the Accuracy of INA219, PZEM-004T, and MAX471 Sensors for Measuring Current and Voltage of Internet of Things-Based Solar Panels

This research aims to compare the accuracy of three current and voltage measuring sensors that can be used on solar panels, namely INA219, PZEM-004T, and MAX471. The basis used is the Internet of Things pattern to collect and analyze data from the three sensors to get comparable accuracy values. The results show that the three current and voltage measuring sensors, namely INA219, PZEM-004T, and MAX471, have a good level of accuracy in measur-ing current and voltage on solar panels. The MAX471 sensor showed the highest accuracy in voltage measurement, followed by the INA219 sensor with the highest accuracy in current measurement. Meanwhile, the PZEM-004T sensor had slightly lower accuracy, especially in voltage and current measurements, but showed good stability in voltage and current readings. Overall, the three sensors provide measurement results that are close to the actual values. The rec-ommended sensor to use is the INA219 for current and voltage measurements on solar panels, although the MAX471 sensor gives results closer to actual values in voltage measurements. The use of the PZEM-004T sensor is not appro-priate for measurements on solar panels, especially since measurements must go through a current inverter from DC to AC. The MAX471 sensor has the highest accuracy rate in voltage measurements of 97.5%, followed by the INA219 sensor with the highest accuracy rate in current measurements of 90.39%. While the PZEM-004T sensor has a slightly lower accuracy rate in measuring voltage and current with values of 96.83% and 88.56%, it has the best stability in voltage and current measurements.