Evaluating Hosting Capacity for Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in Low Voltage Distribution Networks: Analyzing Time Series Profiles and Harmonic Contributions of Residential Loads in Indonesia

Growing concerns about climate change, as well as energy transition, have prompted a push for the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewable sources. Due to system capacity restrictions, utility companies must increase rooftop PV through a quota-based approach, according to the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia (MEMR) Regulation. It indicates that a Hosting Capacity (HC) analysis should be conducted. As a result, in order to appropriately calculate the quota for PV installations, the issues associated with DER penetration into the distribution system must be considered. The main factors in distribution networks that limit hosting capacity are primarily voltage violations, element thermal limits, and line and transformer load. However, few authors have tackled the hosting capacity issue while considering the power quality element. The following research is proposed to address the hosting capacity calculation of the real residential type of load in a low voltage distribution network. This network takes into consideration harmonic contribution and reverse power flow from low voltage (customer load) to medium voltage (distribution network), as well as the daily demand and solar generation profiles. Three scenarios are applied: present situation of 18 PV rooftop customers distributed active, 50%, and 100%, to execute the technique simulation modeling using PSS SINCAL. Furthermore, the PV system's harmonic contribution is simulated in all three scenarios and will be considered when the harmonic value remains acceptable per network requirements. The simulation generates a well-organized table in a separate result view, which can also be immediately represented in the network graphic to rapidly identify the locations where the largest users or PV Rooftop may be accessed.