Design and Application of a Microwave-Based Sensor for Water Content in Crude Oil

Based on the theoretical foundation of microwave time-domain transmission, a novel sensor for detecting water content in crude oil is designed. The principles of measuring the water content in oil-water mixtures using the sensor are introduced. The design includes the sensor's signal generation circuit, machine oscillation circuit, power splitter circuit, phase detector circuit, and liquid crystal display circuit. Finally, the measured data are corrected using the segmented linear interpolation method based on the calibrated water content values. The final water content error is less than 2%, achieving full-range detection of water content in crude oil.