Optimize Decision Model for Urban Land Development Using Disc Fermatean Fuzzy Information With Z-Numbers

Urban land development choices manifest complex, ambiguous situations where multiple criteria are involved, making it hard for traditional evaluation methods to address them effectively. The present study introduces an advanced methodological view called the Disc Fermatean Fuzzy Z-Number (D-FFZN) method developed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of urban planning decisions by skillfully addressing uncertainties. The D-FFZN approach was applied in the selection of optimal land development alternatives in a case study through newly formulated aggregation operators based on the weighted averaging and weighted geometric methods. To confirm the method’s performance, a comparative analysis was undertaken between the D-FFZN method and a more renowned multi-criteria decision-making technique, the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo). The findings suggested that D-FFZN offered a more comprehensive and balanced assessment framework that leads to more accurate and reliable decision outcomes. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that small changes in the parameter value produced minor alterations in the ranking order of alternatives but the D-FFZN model provided a robust optimal solution regardless, thus proving its sturdiness. These findings indicate that the D-FFZN technique has a potential to substantially improve urban land-use planning by equipping stakeholders, policymakers, and urban planners with invaluable guidance in selecting optimal and sustainable development alternatives.