Towards Continuous‐Time Safe Energy Management in Shared Renewables and Refined Oil Transmission Systems

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the safe energy management of emerging shared renewables and refined oil transmission systems (SRROTSs) during the energy transition. Specifically, a continuous‐time energy management model that considers the SRROTSs' multi‐product sequential transmission characteristics is proposed to guide safe and efficient system operation. This model is also convenient for on‐site dispatchers to operate. Correspondingly, a solver‐free physics‐informed particle swarm optimisation (PI‐PSO) algorithm is tailored, utilising physical rules to regulate particle mutation and adapted to solve the proposed model, thereby enhancing the optimality and stability of the solution. Case studies on real‐world SRROTSs are utilised to validate the proposed model and PI‐PSO algorithm, which are expected to be generalised to other pipeline transmission systems. Especially, the PI‐PSO algorithm achieves a 25.6% energy reduction compared to the original PSO algorithm, although a trade‐off between improving the objective value and the number of iterations needed for convergence is observed.