Simulation of conjugate free convection heat transfer of NEPCM/Al2O3-kerosene non-Newtonian hybrid nanoliquid between a double-pipe space

The current study addresses the assessment of heat and mass transfer of NEPCM/Al2O3- Kerosene hybrid nanofluid inside a double pipes space as a part of a heat exchanger. The mentioned synthesis can reflect Newtonian or non-Newtonian properties following the well-known Carreau model. After finding the governing equations including fluid flow continuity, momentum components, and thermal in the fluid and the solid parts, they have been turned into their non-dimensional form. Next, the equations were formulated based on Galerkin finite element method. The results have been configured in the forms of curves, contours, and streamlines. The Nusselt number has a determinative role in the current study as well. The findings express that the non-Newtonian hybrid nanoliquid by shear thinning property takes the lead in Nusselt number, about 42 % against the Newtonian synthesis. Instead, a deterioration in the heat transfer rate by 9 % against the Newtonian fluid is obtained via shear thickening hybrid nanoliquid. Increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction (NEPCM and Al 2 O 3 ), has the greatest effect on the shear-thickening hybrid nanoliquid, enhancing it by 13.5 %. In contrast, the shear-thinning hybrid nanoliquid shows only a 7.5 % improvement, demonstrating the lowest sensitivity to the added nanoparticles when compared to the Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids.