Reconciling special treatment with the duty to prosecute serious human rights violations in Colombian transitional justice

On 24 November 2016, the Colombian government and FARC-EP signed a historic peace agreement, establishing the Comprehensive System for Truth, Justice, Reparation, and Non-Recurrence. Central to this system is the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (SJP), which combines restorative justice mechanisms with judicial oversight. This article analyses whether the special treatment measures under the SJP —such as special and alternative sanctions, amnesties, and pardons— comply with Colombia’s obligations under the American Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to investigate and punish serious human rights violations. It examines the proportionality and enforceability of these measures, highlighting their potential to conflict with international duties if not properly implemented. While the SJP’s approach may facilitate peace, it must ensure that the System’s sanctions align with the gravity of crimes committed. This study underscores the need for Colombia’s transitional justice framework to uphold victims’ rights while adhering to international standards. Received: 10 May 2024 Accepted: 31 March 2025 Articles in Press: 15 April 2025