Impact of hematological and biochemical imbalances on early aging in adults aged 50 and above in five localities of Western Cameroon

Background: Aging is accompanied by biological changes that may accelerate the onset of diseases. In sub-Saharan Africa, elderly populations are particularly vulnerable to hematological and biochemical imbalances, which can serve as markers of early aging. This study examines the interactions between hemoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), and lymphocytes in elderly individuals from five localities in Western Cameroon (Bafang, Bafoussam, Baham, Bandjoun, and Dschang). Objective: To assess the association between anemia, hyperCKemia, hypoCKemia, and early aging in this population, taking into account sex-and locality-based variations, and to analyze the impact of these imbalances on the health of the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 768 participants aged 50 and above. Hemoglobin, CK, and lymphocyte levels were measured. Statistical analyses, including the Chi-square test and correlation analyses, were performed to identify associations between these biological parameters and demographic factors. Results: The study highlights a significant prevalence of anemia, hyperCKemia, and hypoCKemia, with notable differences based on sex and locality. A strong correlation was observed between CK and hemoglobin levels, suggesting an interaction between muscle metabolism and hematological status, exacerbated by early aging. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for targeted medical monitoring of elderly populations to prevent complications related to hematological and biochemical imbalances. Early management of these anomalies could help mitigate the effects of early aging, particularly in resource-limited settings.