DISCOURSE AND TEXT: INTERCONNECTION AND DIFFERENCES

The article is devoted to analyzing the interconnection and difference between the concepts of discourse and text in the context of contemporary linguistic and philosophical approaches. In particular, the evolution of the concept of «discourse» in various academic disciplines is analyzed. The author considers discourse not only as a communicative act but also as a socially and culturally conditioned structure that defines the organization of knowledge and ideology in society. It is emphasized that discourse is not limited to verbal acts, but encompasses a broader episteme, i.e., a system of knowledge and representations formed through communication and interaction with reality. Text, on the other hand, is seen as a specific expression of discourse, which has a certain form and structure, yet simultaneously reflects a dynamic process and meaningful context. Since the text is always part of a broader discursive space, the author analyzes how the relationship between text and discourse determines the possibilities of interpretation and transformation of knowledge. Special attention is paid to discourse analysis methods, which allow uncovering the deep interconnections between texts and social structures, revealing the mechanisms of power, ideology, and social regulation embedded in language. The author proposes considering a corpus of texts as an object of study, which enables the identification of patterns in discursive practices and changes in socio-cultural contexts. The article also analyzes the differences between discourse and text through the lens of episteme, specifically how changes in one sphere (such as language or social structure) affect the other, and how this transforms communication, cognition, and socialization processes. Key aspects include the study of the interdependence between linguistic and socio-cultural changes that influence the structure and perception of both text and discourse.