Strategies For Decarbonisation in The Port and Maritime Sector: Key Challenges and Leading Ports

Objective: This study investigates global strategies for decarbonising the port and maritime sectors, acknowledging ports' pivotal role in achieving regional and global sustainability targets. Theoretical Framework: While essential for global trade, ports significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution due to energy-intensive operations. These emissions pose severe threats to public health and drive environmental degradation, including ocean acidification and biodiversity loss. Effective mitigation requires comprehensive strategies enhancing energy efficiency and decarbonising port activities. Method: This research analyses 68 articles from the Web of Science database using VOSviewer software to identify trends, best practices, and emerging innovations in sectoral decarbonisation. Results and Discussion: Key findings reveal increasing adoption of alternative fuels, renewable energy, electrification of port operations, and energy management systems as central to sustainability efforts. Digital transformation plays a crucial role, with AI-driven analytics, blockchain-based emissions tracking, and smart port solutions enhancing efficiency and transparency. However, gaps persist in scaling innovative technologies such as carbon capture and addressing underexplored regions. Research Implications: By embracing advanced technologies and fostering collaboration, ports can accelerate decarbonisation and align with global climate targets. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking effective solutions to mitigate climate change. Originality/Value: This study presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary decarbonisation strategies in the port and maritime sectors, highlighting best practices, technological innovations, and research gaps. It offers a roadmap for future studies aimed at enhancing sustainability efforts.