Research Progress on the Genesis of Antimony Deposits

金属锑是一种十分重要的战略资源，素来就有“工业味精”之称，学者们根据各自提出的划分标准对于锑矿的类型进行了多种划分，锑矿资源在全球分布广泛，主要产出于环太平洋成矿域、特提斯成矿域和中亚–天山成矿域，我国锑矿床分布可划分为华南锑矿成矿带、昆仑–秦岭锑成矿带、阴山–天山锑成矿带及藏滇锑成矿带，其中以华南锑矿成矿带的锑储量最大。产出于不同地质背景的锑矿床，往往具有不同的成矿流体性质和来源，来源主要有大气水、岩浆水、变质水、盆地水等。在成矿热液系统中，锑矿中的矿物可以通过多种机制从热液中沉淀出来，主要为流体混合和相分离、温度和/或压力等物理化学条件的变化、水/岩石相互作用。Antimony metal is a very important strategic resource, has always been known as “industrial monosodium glutamate”, scholars according to their own classification standards for the type of antimony ore for a variety of division, antimony resources are widely distributed in the world, mainly produced in the Pacific Rim mineralization area, Tethys mineralization area and Central Asia-Tianshan mineralization area, China’s antimony deposit distribution can be divided into South China antimony ore metallogenic belt, Kunlun-Qinling antimony metallogenic belt, Yinshan-Tianshan antimony mineralization belt and Tibetan Yunnan antimony mineralization belt, of which the South China antimony ore metallogenic belt has the largest antimony reserves. Antimony deposits produced in different geological backgrounds often have different metallogenic fluid properties and sources, mainly atmospheric water, magmatic water, metamorphic water, basin water, etc. In mineralizing hydrothermal systems, minerals in antimony ore can be precipitated from hydrothermal fluids through a variety of mechanisms, mainly fluid mixing and phase separation, changes in physicochemical conditions such as temperature and/or pressure, and water/rock interactions.