The Geopolitics of Hydrogen. A Case Study of the Three Seas Initiative Countries

This article introduces a pioneering perspective on the geopolitics of hydrogen within the Three Seas Initiative countries, aiming to highlight the awareness and significance of hydrogen technology in the broader context of the 3SI countries’ approach to the European hydrogen economy. The analysis delves into individual strategies and policies concerning the development of hydrogen technologies among Central and Eastern European (CEE) nations. Despite the growing geopolitical importance of hydrogen, the 3SI countries fall short in recognizing its innovation potential. This oversight hampers their competitiveness in the evolving energy landscape, particularly in fostering collaboration between science and business. The 3SI countries assume a crucial role in the hydrogen economy by serving as producers and distributors for the European market. However, this role introduces a geopolitical threat, as external influences may impact major projects, potentially compromising sovereignty. Addressing divergent goals and implementing coordinated actions is crucial to maintaining the 3SI countries’ significant and strategic role in global hydrogen geopolitics. This research contributes to understanding the transformative effects of hydrogen on the energy sector, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches and coordinated international efforts.