Enhancing Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel: The Role of Aluminium Nanoparticles and Non-Metal Additives in Improving Fuel Properties

Incorporating aluminium nanoparticles into waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel presents a promising avenue for enhancing biofuel properties and performance. This study explores the physicochemical properties of aluminium nanoparticles, their synthesis methods, and their impact on biodiesel properties, including viscosity, combustion efficiency, and emissions. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and catalytic activity, aluminium nanoparticles improve biodiesel's stability, combustion characteristics, and emission profiles. Various synthesis methods, such as ball milling, laser ablation, and chemical reduction, are discussed, highlighting their advantages and challenges. Integrating aluminium nanoparticles with WCO biodiesel significantly enhances brake thermal efficiency and reduces viscosity and emissions. These findings underscore the potential of nanotechnology in advancing sustainable and efficient biofuel production while addressing environmental concerns.