A Study on Xenophobia and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

Migration has significantly influenced societies throughout history and continues to be a critical phenomenon in contemporary times. Various factors, such as wars, economic hardships, and natural disasters, have compelled individuals to migrate across different regions. With globalization, migration has evolved into a multidimensional issue encompassing societal transformation processes. In host societies, negative attitudes towards migrants often emerge, complicating integration efforts. Due to its geopolitical position, Turkey has been profoundly impacted by migration as both a destination and transit country. Particularly following the mass influx of Syrian refugees in 2011, negative perceptions of Syrian migrants have intensified within Turkish society. Migrants are frequently associated with issues such as crime, security concerns, and are perceived as economic and cultural threats. These perceptions contribute to the proliferation of xenophobia, defined as fear or hostility towards foreigners. Xenophobia reflects negative attitudes and fears directed towards migrants. This study examines university students' levels of xenophobia and its relationship with demographic variables. Data collected through surveys were analyzed based on variables such as gender, age, marital status, educational level, and the presence of foreign students in their classes. Additionally, students' responses to statements included in a xenophobia scale were evaluated. The findings indicate that xenophobia levels increase with age. However, no significant effects were observed regarding gender, marital status, educational level, or the presence of foreign students in classes on xenophobia levels. These results suggest that attitudes toward xenophobia exhibit similarities independent of specific demographic characteristics.