Research on the Comparison of Emission Reduction Policies and Incentive Mechanisms between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and International Synergy

This study explores in depth the comparison between the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the international community in terms of collaborative emission reduction policies, and examines different incentive mechanisms to promote regional emission reduction cooperation. Faced with the challenge of global warming, China has set a goal to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and become carbon neutral by 2060. For the economically prosperous and densely populated Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, progress on coordinated emissions reductions is crucial to achieving these key goals. Research has shown that the carbon emission network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has a “core-edge” structure, and Beijing and Tianjin, as core nodes, play a key role in regional carbon emission governance. However, the stability of cooperation degree in this region is insufficient, and the coupling degree of emission reduction fluctuates, which is closely related to the effectiveness of respective carbon emission reduction governance. This study compares the progress of developed countries such as the United States, Japan, Australia, and Germany in collaborative emission reduction, and summarizes its implications for China. These countries have demonstrated their commitment and action to reduce emissions through nationally determined Contributions (NDCs) , legislation, technological innovation and international cooperation. China has also made progress in coordinated emission reduction, but faces challenges such as imperfect market-oriented mechanisms and inactive carbon market trading. Research designs three incentive mechanisms: absolute quantity mechanism, relative proportion mechanism and economic compensation mechanism, and evaluates the effect of these mechanisms in different situations through model analysis. The absolute quantity mechanism sets a fixed emission reduction rate for each sub-region, the relative proportion mechanism sets a reduction rate based on the baseline emissions of each region, and the economic compensation mechanism allows economic transactions between regions to make up for the difference in emission reduction costs. The study also proposed a fair and reasonable revenue distribution plan to promote the realization of carbon neutrality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. It is concluded that the relative ratio mechanism and economic compensation mechanism are more effective in considering regional differences and economic costs, and can better achieve collaborative emission reduction.