Disparities in access to educational technology and its impact on performance across socio-economic and racial groups in U.S. public schools

This study explores the disparities in access to educational technology and their impact on academic performance across different socio-economic and racial groups in U.S. public schools. The digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology (ICT) and those who do not, remains a significant barrier to equitable educational opportunities. This research examines how socio-economic factors, such as household income, geographic location, and racial background, influence students' access to essential digital tools, including devices, broadband, and digital literacy training. Drawing on existing literature, and recent surveys, this study identifies the ways in which unequal access to technology exacerbates educational inequalities. The findings suggest that students from low-income and minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by these disparities, resulting in lower academic performance, reduced engagement, and diminished college readiness. Policy interventions, such as the expansion of broadband access, targeted funding for schools, and integration of digital literacy into curricula, are proposed to mitigate these challenges and foster more inclusive learning environments. The study calls for systemic reforms to bridge the digital divide and ensure that all students have equal access to the tools and resources needed for academic success in the digital era.