Fe3O4@SiO2-LY-C-D-Pd as a new, effective, and magnetically recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 1H-tetrazoles and asymmetric biphenyls

This research project explored the synthesis and characterization of a newly developed C-D-Pd complex immobilized on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-LY, designed as a reusable magnetic catalyst. The heterogeneous nanocatalyst was thoroughly characterized using EDS, FTIR, XRD, XPS, TGA, SEM, VSM, and ICP techniques. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-LY-C-D-Pd catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in catalyzing C-C coupling reactions and ¹H-tetrazole derivatives, achieving high product yields. This catalyst offers several advantages, including eco-friendly reaction conditions, minimal catalyst usage, a simple experimental setup, the elimination of harmful organic solvents, reduced reaction times, and the ability to accommodate diverse substrates. Additionally, the nanocatalyst is easily separable from the reaction mixture and can be reused multiple times without losing stability or catalytic efficiency.