Fetal Cystic Hygroma in Pregnancy

Cystic hygroma is a congenital disorder characterized by benign cysts that form due to malformation of the lymphatic system, accounting for about 6% of all benign lesions of infancy or early childhood. This case report presents a 24-year-old G3A1E1 woman with a history of induced abortion and ectopic pregnancy, who was diagnosed with fetal cystic hygroma at 12 weeks and 4 days of gestation. Obstetric ultrasound revealed a single, live, intrauterine fetus with a well-defined thin-walled cystic lesion with multiple internal septations at the level of the occipital region extending up to the thorax, and a nuchal translucency measurement of 9mm. The patient was counseled for medical termination of pregnancy and underwent induced abortion. Cystic hygroma, especially when detected in the first trimester, is often associated with chromosomal abnormalities and poor outcomes. Studies have shown that the overall survival rate for fetal cystic hygroma is 10%, and the prognosis is unclear until the fetus attains 26 weeks of gestation. Early detection of cystic hygroma through prenatal ultrasound allows for timely intervention and informed decision-making. This case highlights the importance of early prenatal screening and diagnosis of fetal anomalies, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing complex obstetric cases. Further genetic counseling and testing may be beneficial for the patient in planning future pregnancies.