New Progress of Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Cancer

Oral cancer is a malignant tumor of the head and neck with rising morbidity and mortality, and traditional treatments often have limitations such as functional damage and side effects. This paper reviews the latest research progress of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. With its unique physical and chemical properties and ultra-small size effect, nanotechnology shows significant advantages in tumor diagnosis and treatment. In terms of diagnosis, nanotechnology uses highly sensitive biosensors to detect biomarkers, develop new nanomaterials to achieve efficient enrichment of circulating tumor cells, and use nanoprobes to detect cell core acids. In terms of treatment, multi-stage nano-drug delivery systems significantly improve the bioavailability and specificity of drugs through passive and active targeting mechanisms; photodynamic therapy and magneto-thermotherapy based on nanomaterials achieve accurate treatment of tumors. Although nanotechnology has made remarkable progress in the field of diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, there are still many challenges in large-scale production, safety evaluation and clinical transformation, which need further in-depth research and standardized application.