Isorhoifolin Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats Via Regulating Biochemicaland Histological Profiles

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous environmental pollutant that has the potential to instigate multi-organ toxicities including, renal toxicity.Isorhoifolin (IRF) is a flavonoid glycoside that possess potential therapeutic properties due to its antioxidant nature.Hence, the present research was designed to assess the attenuative potential of IRF against Cd provoked kidney damage.48 male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (12 rats/group), including the control, Cd intoxicated (5mg/kg) group, Cd + IRF (5mg/kg + 10mg/kg) co-treated group, and IRF (10mg/kg) treated group.The trial was completed in 28 days and then the animals were euthanized, decapitated and further analysis were performed.The results showed that Cd intoxication lowered the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the levels of oxidative stress (OS) markers (ROS and MDA).Moreover, Cd intoxication reduced the level of creatinine clearance and increased the levels of NGAL, urea, KIM-1 and creatinine.Furthermore, Cd treatment elevated the levels of inflammatory markers including NF-B, IL-1, TNF-, IL-6 and COX-2.Cd intoxication also increased the levels of Caspase-9, Bax and Caspase-3, while decreasing Bcl-2 levels.Additionally, Cd induced various disruptions in the histological architecture of the renal tissues.Nonetheless, IRF administration protected the renal tissues from Cd prompted impairments due to its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and reno-protective nature.