Piezoelectric properties improvement in soft membrane with wet-spinning prepared barium titanate/polyvinylidenefluoride composites fiber

Piezoelectric composite materials have demonstrated significant potential for developing high-performance wearable sensors. However, optimizing the piezoelectric output performance in polymer-based devices remains challenging due to the suboptimal synergy between the piezoelectric reinforcement phase and substrate materials. Moreover, the instability of response signals further hampers the sensor's practical utility. In this investigation, wet-spinning technology was applied to fabricate a novel Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃)/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite fiber. Through this approach, we enhanced the piezoelectric properties of the material. Notably, our electron diffraction analysis revealed compelling lattice deformations in the ceramic particle-polymer interface, yielding significant enhancements in the piezoelectric characteristics. Remarkably, incorporating just 1.5 wt% of BaTiO₃ in PVDF led to a piezoelectric output of 0.88 V during dynamic cycle tests at 1 Hz. Encouragingly, the output signal exhibited a robust linear correlation (R² = 0.996) with applied compression force.