Episodes of Instability in Transylvania in Summer 2024

This paper analyzes several defining instability episodes for the summer of 2024 in Transylvania, which captured the full range of instability phenomena characteristic of the warm season, from simple convective cells to multicellular and supercell systems, with severe potential, manifested by significant amounts of precipitation, large hail or associated wind intensifications that had gust speeds of over 70-80 km/h. To analyze the atmospheric conditions in which the mesoscale convective systems formed, we have used data from global-scale models (ECMWF, GFS), outputs from mesoscale models (ALARO, COSMO, ICON), satellite data provided by METEOSAT-09, data from the new METEOR 1700 SDP10 (Dual polar in S Band, Bobohalma), data recorded from meteorological stations, and lightning data provided by the LINET software.