Evaluating the Clinical Utility of C-Reactive Protein , Procalcitonin, and Presepsin as Biomarkers in Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis of the Infections

Introduction: Sepsis, caused by an uncontrolled immune response,leads to high mortality and poses challenges for early diagnosis dueto symptom variability. Standard blood cultures often fail, highlightingthe need for reliable biomarkers. This study assessed C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and presepsin to improve early detectionand minimise unnecessary antibiotic use.Materials and Method: This retrospective study involved 100 patientswith sepsis in the Medical ICU, adhering to the American College ofChest Physicians’ guidelines. Blood samples were analysed for CRP,PCT, and presepsin using appropriate assays. Data were processed inMS Excel and analysed with SPSS (version 25).Results: Among the 100 patients (median age 42 years), 56% had sepsis,18% severe sepsis, and 26% septic shock. Common comorbiditiesincluded diabetes (21.4%) and hypertension (19.6%). Significantbiomarker differences were noted: PCT levels were highest in septicshock (6.5 ng/mL), followed by severe sepsis (3.2 ng/mL) and sepsis (1.8ng/mL) (p < 0.001). CRP and presepsin levels also showed significantvariations. Sensitivity was 85% for CRP, 90% for PCT, and 92% forpresepsin, and specificity values were 70%, 75%, and 80%, respectively.Conclusion: This study emphasises the varying efficacy of CRP, PCT, andpresepsin in diagnosing sepsis and its severity. The notable differencesin biomarker levels across sepsis stages highlight the importance of earlyidentification and intervention. Future research should investigate theintegration of these biomarkers with clinical scoring systems to improvesepsis management and outcomes in infected persons. Singhal A K, Bansal S K, Harith A K, Saha T K.Evaluating the Clinical Utility of C-ReactiveProtein , Procalcitonin, and Presepsinas Biomarkers in Sepsis Diagnosis andPrognosis of the Infections. J Commun Dis.2025;57(1):96-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202512