Lightweight Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Cloud-Edge-Terminal Collaborative Paradigm

随着工业4.0的快速发展，云边端协同范式(CET)通过整合云端、边缘节点与终端设备显著提升了计算资源利用效率，但其隐私认证机制面临中心化依赖与资源受限的双重挑战。本文提出一种面向工业CET的轻量级去中心化隐私认证方案，旨在实现低开销、高安全性的认证机制。通过区块链跨链架构建立去中心化信任连接，方案在消除传统权威机构(TA)依赖的同时，采用有限次双线性配对与模指数运算优化计算开销。实验结果表明，隐私认证的计算开销为毫秒级，通信代价保持在低字节位，满足工业场景的轻量化需求。方案进一步满足匿名性、不可伪造性、可追溯性等安全需求，为大规模工业设备接入场景提供了高效可靠的隐私认证解决方案。With the rapid advancement of Industry 4.0, the cloud-edge-terminal (CET) collaborative paradigm significantly enhances computational resource utilization through cloud-edge-terminal integration, yet its privacy authentication mechanisms face dual challenges of centralized dependencies and resource constraints. This paper proposes a lightweight decentralized privacy-preserving authentication scheme for industrial CET environments, aiming to achieve low-overhead and high-security authentication. By establishing decentralized trust connections via a blockchain cross-chain architecture, the scheme eliminates reliance on traditional trusted authorities (TAs) while optimizing computational costs through limited bilinear pairing operations and modular exponentiation optimizations. Experimental results demonstrate that the privacy authentication achieves millisecond-level computational latency and maintains communication costs within a low-byte range, fulfilling the lightweight requirements of industrial scenarios. The scheme further satisfies critical security properties including anonymity, unforgeability, and traceability, providing an efficient and reliable privacy authentication solution for large-scale industrial device deployment scenarios.