The Influence of Ergonomics and Mechatronics Elements on the Functioning of the “Operator – Mobile Machine” System

The article is devoted to the main aspects of ergonomics of workplaces of drivers of vehicles and operators of agricultural machinery. The importance of an ergonomic approach at the stage of design and operation of mobile machines is substantiated to ensure comfort, safety, efficiency of the operator's work and reliability of the "operator - mobile machine" system. The factors influencing the ergonomics of the operator's workspace are analyzed, their comparative characteristics are given taking into account the specifics of their operation. The ergonomic parameters of a truck, tractor and combine are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of ergonomics on the operational reliability of mobile machines, as well as to reducing the likelihood of errors due to operator fatigue, since the comfort and convenience of the driver's (operator's) work affect his attention and concentration, accuracy and duration of control, timeliness of detection of breakdowns and malfunctions and subsequent service actions. It was found that reducing the level of operator fatigue is ensured by working in comfortable conditions when placing him in an optimized ergonomic chair, ensuring good visibility with the optimal location of the controls. Modern mechatronic control systems are described, which contribute to the automation of work processes and increasing the accuracy of machine control. A high level of equipping machines (cars, tractors, combines) with mechatronic systems improves their ergonomics, making control more comfortable and less energy-consuming for the operator. At the same time, with correct operation and regular timely maintenance of the systems, this increases the level of their operational reliability. It was found that the presence of a large number of electronics makes the machine more sensitive to difficult operating conditions and increases the costs of its repair in the event of failures. It is concluded that ergonomics and mechatronics are key factors in ensuring the safety, efficiency and trouble-free operation of mobile machines.