The 4 Mode Application Techniques Learning Model in Science Education: Analysis of Global Trends, Impacts, and Opportunities in Indonesia

Background and Aim: The limited research and literature on implementing the 4 Mode Application Techniques (4MAT) instructional model in Indonesia makes it challenging for educators to obtain sufficient information on how to adapt this model within the local context. This study analyzes global trends, challenges, and opportunities of the 4MAT instructional model in science education within the Merdeka Curriculum framework. Materials and Methods: The research employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative systematic literature review using the PICOA framework. Data were collected from the Scopus, Web of Science, Dimensions, Lens, and Google Scholar databases from 2014 to 2024. Results: The findings indicate that the 4MAT instructional model encompasses five key concepts: instructional method implementation, learning models, learning styles, conceptual understanding, and teaching strategies. The 4MAT instructional model impacts mathematics and science education, which the Merdeka Curriculum can support through various aspects, including diverse learning styles and cognitive skills, cognitive approaches and memory reinforcement, student motivation and engagement, enhancement of critical thinking and creativity, collaboration and social skills, real-world relevance and sustainability, and a well-structured learning framework. Challenges in implementing the 4MAT instructional model include intensive teacher training, limited resources and infrastructure, time constraints and implementation complexity, student readiness and learning style diversity, complex assessment and evaluation processes, curriculum alignment, and topic limitations. However, the Merdeka Curriculum presents opportunities through continuous professional development, utilizing creative resources, flexibility in instructional planning, and adapting more inclusive and differentiated teaching strategies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the 4MAT instructional model offers a thorough approach to improving math and science instruction that supports the Merdeka Curriculum. Despite implementation issues, its integration can support inclusive, engaging, and fruitful learning experiences when combined with professional development and adaptable strategies.