THE ORETICAL JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN IOT SYSTEM FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT

Modern logistics is a key Component of the global economy, ensuring the delivery of goods to any corner of the world.However, the industry faces numerous challenges, such as cargo preservation (especially for perishable goods) and route optimization.The lack of proper monitoring of transportation parameters -such as temperature, humidity, lighting, geolocation, and vehicle conditions -often leads to product spoilage, significant financial losses, and inefficiencies in transportation processes.This research aims to develop an IoT system that comprehensively addresses these challenges.Methodology.As part of this work, a conceptual model of an IoT-based freight transportation management system was developed, encompassing data collection, transmission, processing, and analysis levels.Mathematical models were employed to optimize routes, detect anomalies, and predict risks.The system integrates cutting-edge IoT technologies, including sensors, network data transmission protocols (LoRaWAN, GSM), and analytical algorithms, enabling real-time monitoring and decision-making.Findings.The proposed IoT system enables continuous monitoring of transportation parameters, including temperature, humidity, vibration, and geolocation.It optimizes delivery routes, reducing fuel costs and shortening delivery times.Additionally, through machine learning, the system can predict potential risks, such as vehicle breakdowns or deviations from predefined conditions, enhancing overall efficiency and reliability.Findings.The scientific novelty of this research lies in the development of a comprehensive IoT system that integrates data collection, transmission, processing, and analysis within logistics processes.The uniqueness of the model is its ability to automatically respond to deviations, predict risks, and ensure full control over transportation conditions.Practical value.The implementation of the system significantly reduces cargo losses by enabling timely responses to changes in transportation conditions.Route optimization helps lower fuel and maintenance costs, enhancing the competitiveness of companies.Additionally, the system improves customer service quality and contributes to the development of transportation infrastructure.Conclusions.The proposed IoT system is a powerful tool for modern logistics, enabling automated monitoring and management of freight transportation.It helps preserve cargo quality, reduce costs, and enhance the efficiency of logistics processes.The adoption of such technologies is a crucial step toward the digitalization and optimization of the transportation industry, unlocking new opportunities for companies in the global marketplace.