Bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of lipids and radiotherapy: Metabolic disorders, therapeutic interventions, and pan-cancer clinical insights

Malignant tumors continue to pose a significant threat to global health. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal blood lipid levels may influence tumor incidence, and cancer patients frequently exhibit dysregulated lipid profiles. Radiotherapy, a cornerstone in cancer treatment, has been demonstrated to modulate blood lipid levels in patients. Conversely, blood lipid concentrations can significantly impact the efficacy of radiotherapy and the incidence of associated complications. This comprehensive review delves into cutting-edge research illuminating the intricate bidirectional interplay between blood lipid profiles and radiotherapy efficacy in malignant tumor patients. At the same time, it investigates the promising potential of tailored dietary modulation strategies and novel lipid-lowering therapeutics to enhance treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.